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KMID : 0892920220310040270
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Experimental Neurobiology
2022 Volume.31 No. 4 p.270 ~ p.276
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Blood-brain Barrier Damage is Pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 Infection to the Central Nervous System
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Rodriguez-Morales Jahir
Guartazaca-Guerrero Sebastian
Rizo-Tellez Salma A.
Viurcos-Sanabria Rebeca
Barron Eira Valeria
Hernandez-Valencia Aldo F.
Nava Porfirio
Escobedo Galileo
Carrillo-Ruiz Jose Damian
Mendez-Garcia Lucia A.
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Abstract
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Transsynaptic transport is the most accepted proposal to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the CNS. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that neurons do not express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, which highlights the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in preventing virus entry to the brain. In this study, we examine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and the cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from two patients with a brain tumor and COVID-19. To determine the BBB damage, we evaluate the Q- albumin index, which is an indirect parameter to assess the permeability of this structure. The Q-albumin index of the patient with an intraventricular brain tumor suggests that the BBB is undamaged, preventing the passage of SARS-CoV-2 and pro-inflammatory molecules. The development of brain tumors that disrupt the BBB (measured by the Q-albumin index), in this case, a petroclival meningioma (Case 1), allows the free passage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and probably lets the free transit of pro-inflammatory molecules to the CNS, which leads to a possible activation of the microglia (astrogliosis) and an exacerbated immune response represented by IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-2 trying to inhibit both the infection and the carcinogenic process.
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KEYWORD
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Blood-brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Cerebrospinal fluid, Brain tumor
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